|
Who are we?
|
By Vadim Smolyanov and Valentina
[Hits: 25596]
|
|
Chapter III. Evolution of the person
All into all and All is God: In light of stars and dust of road,In silent wood and dreaming flight, And knocks of heart in yourinside.
There is one alive essence which still has not reached theperfection and in which all evolution is embodied. It is aperson. In daily life, probably, each of us met suchcontradiction: the quivering attitude of the person to animalsand the cruel attitude of the same person to another people. Thematter is that he feels the perfection of animals and theimperfection (i.e. a present stage of development) of people.Distracting from the basic direction, we shall notice, theimperfection of the person is influencing on homeostasis ofbiosphere and it can result in irreversible process ofinfringement of biosphere unity with pitiable consequences forthe person, the similar situation already was and will bedescribed below. So who is a person? Whence has he appeared andwhen will be reached his perfection? There are some facts fromjoint research of anthropologists and geneticists: about 250thousand years ago there was a first expansion of the reasonableperson primogenitors from Africa to the Eurasian continent; thereasonable person with physiology corresponding to us hasappeared about 150 thousand years ago in Africa; one woman is aprimogenitor of mankind; sharp reduction of prepersons number(it was up to several thousand on one data, it was up to severalhundreds on another¡¯s ) was preceded before occurrence of thereasonable person; the (already) reasonable person began thenext worldwide expansion about 50 thousand years ago. There areseveral hypotheses about the reasons of occurrence of thereasonable person, beginning from influence of radiation andfinishing influence from space. We shall bring our hypothesis tothe common list. Occurrence of the reasonable person wasaccompanied by infringement of biosphere homeostasis principlesand of unity. Infringement of the first principle of "narrowspecialisation" has taken place, when the premankind becameomnivorous, premankind passed from consumption of vegetativefood to animal. Infringement of the second principle of"adaptability and birth rate" has arisen at sharp growth ofpremankind adaptability and not reduction, more likely, increaseof ability to high rate of birth. We shall describe the scriptof development of events of that epoch. Some millions years backour ancestors had a little difference from modern humanoidmonkeys. They ate basically vegetative food, occupying a narrowniche; otherwise, they were one of parts in a chain ofecosystem. They were complete essences. They lived in harmonywith themselves and with an external world though this harmonywas not realised by them. They were perfect, more precisely theperfect part of the whole. To them, instead of to modernmankind, Marks's definition "person is a public animal" isapproached, by virtue of an animal perfection. The mentality andbehaviour of the preperson too were as complete, fullycorresponding with ecological niche and a part in the ecosystemwith which he occupied. It would be well, if rudiments of thepreperson intelligence which we notice at humanoid monkeys havenot started to develop. Researches of monkeys have been carriedout at first half of the XX century by German scientist WolfgangKeller. Ability of humanoid monkeys to the solving of simpletasks has been named "insight", that means inspiration. Insightallows the humanoid monkey to solve a task instantly or never tosolve it. Besides, paying attention on the theory of orientedactivity and the oriented reflex, open by Russian scientist I.Pavlov, we suppose that the mentality of animals adheres to thefollowing complex of actions. Being based on the main instincts(reproduction and self-preservation), having the centres ofpleasure, displeasure and the centre "That such?" (an orientedreflex), during a training, the mentality of the supreme animalsis formed through formation of the associative structuresnecessary for all occasions. When the animal gets in a familiarsituation, the mentality finds necessary associative structureand an animal starts to operate according to this structure,achieving reception of pleasure or avoidance of displeasure. Ina unfamiliar situation there is a oriented reflex ("That such?")which forces to create new associative structure from alreadyavailable, fastening of new structure occurs at achievement byan animal of pleasure or at avoidance of displeasure. Thereforeanimals can quickly change the behaviour at sharp change ofexternal conditions. As against them, insect¡¯s life iscompletely dictated by instincts. An insect at change ofexternal conditions will continue to carry out the startedearlier of actions programme even if it will result in senselessresult. Feature of the preperson is in creating of complex ofassociative uniting structures with the associative detailedstructures. It promoted development of subject¡¯s application andinstruments manufacturing, that in turn was the cause oftransition to animal food. Ability to detailed elaboration hasdischarged the preperson from fauna and has given theprecondition to development of speech. The first associativestructure responsible for detailed elaboration has arisen when acasually cracked stone found the useful application. In thefurther evolutionary development the mentality of the prepersonwas divided into two spheres. Associative generalisingstructures were included in the first sphere. Associativedetailed structures were included in the second sphere. Itallowed with the help of instruments and joint actions ofprepeople with the minimal expenses of energy to direct thewhole herds of animals in an abyss or in a bog. It was a firststep to infringement of a homeostasis of an ecosystem,infringement of the principle of "narrow specialisation".Ability to hunt on large animals became the cause of a prepeoplebreeding and moving on the big distances from places whereanimals were destroyed to places where there were an abundanceof animals. For 200 thousand years before expansion of thereasonable person there was a first prepeople expansion.Anthropologists have found remnants of prepeople in Africa andon Eurasian continents. Anthropologists gave them theNeanderthal men name according to a place of the first finding.Neanderthal men are a deadlocking lateral branch of mankinddevelopment. That part of premankind which did not begin toparticipate in expansion and has remained in Africa according togeneticists researches is our direct primogenitor. This part ofprepeople has kept the pantophagous as against returning tospecialisation at hunting of Neanderthal men. The use of fire,the creating of dwelling in caves, the manufacturing of clothesfrom skins of animals became the second step for the homeostasisof ecosystem infringement. Constant rather comfortableconditions of existence of our primogenitors have reduced aninterval between mating seasons, actually having made thecontinuously mating season. Similar process is presentlyobserved in domestic animals. If for Neanderthal men while theywere at expansion this increase of ability to reproduction wasnot acting to any way, for our primogenitors and for anecosystem where they existed it has turned back great disaster.Unreasonable prepeople number increase was accompanied bydestruction of all accessible sources of nutrition; expansion onother terrains was handicapped by Neanderthal men who havealready occupied all terrains. The tendency to the expansion,warmed up by intrinsic tendency to a breeding, absence of theunited-limiting principle similar to principles of an ecosystemhomeostasis, and impossibility to be expansion has broken off agenerality of. One way remained to our ancestors. Way was to eatsimilar prepeople, further it became norm, that has resulted insharp reduction of prepeople number. All this meat grinder andunnatural selection developed ingenuity of prepersons; they havelearnt to distinguish himself from others (for the first timeappears an associative structure of self-identification). It wasa process having given a push to development of individual andhaving sped up unnatural selection in struggle of all againstall. It lasted until one family has realised himself (underpressure of a self-preservative instinct) as the united forcecapable to resist against existing chaos. This was fixed bygenetical and physiological change. A potent associativegenerality structure arose in mentality and on its basis thesystem of behaviour rules and interdiction are assumed, first ofall interdiction on murder of a family member. The furtherkilling (continuation of unnatural selection process) has beendirected to interdiction infringers (owners of high aspirationto a breeding and gluttonies) already from the part of acommunity. Interdiction braked and pushed down the aspiration toexpansion into the unconscious. Associative structure linkedwith behaviour in a community and in a society was formed in"Super ego" (described by Z. Freud as the mental structure notrealised by the person arising under influence of social rulesand educational interdictions, shown in consciousness asconscience). The aspiration to the interdiction breaking (i.e. apart of structures inherent for an animal including areproductive instinct and all associative structures linked toexpansion) was pushed down under influence "Super ego" into theunconscious. "Unconscious" has been formed by the pushing(discovered by Z. Freud and named as "It"). On border between"Super ego" and "Unconscious" appeared "Me-consciousness" on thebasis of associative frame of the self-identification generatedduring an epoch of struggle of all against all. So was born areasonable person. Evolution has destroyed wholeness of animalmentality in the reasonable person. Animals do not have "Ego","Super ego" (conscience or moral) and complexes that pushed outinto "Unconscious". Evolution has allocated these threestructures and has fixed their physiological and geneticchanges. Now evolution of mentality of the person occurs due todevelopment of these structures and mutual relation betweenstructures without genetic changes. The description of mentalprocesses of the person, his installations(introversion-extroversion) and preferable functions are wellsubmitted in K. G. Jung's works. Feature of a person worldperception consists in following. The person simultaneouslyperceives general picture of world around a through associativestructures of the right hemisphere (the sensing function ofJung) and distinguishes details through associative structuresof the left hemisphere (the cogitating function by Jung). Aperson only details during his conscious process or builds logicchain which does not accept the contradiction (the cogitatingfunction). "Unconscious" comes to the aid for overcomingcontradictions. The inspiration (insight) or the intuition formsnew associative structure in "Unconscious" and gives out a fulldone picture into the consciousness, removing contradictions.For example we can see Newton's inspiration at discovering lawsof Heavenly mechanics or we can see Mendeleyev's sleep which hasopened the Periodic table of chemical elements. The intuition ofthe person is advanced insight of the supreme animals (theintuitive function of Jung). Frequently the person perceives thesituation entirely and determines the attitude to a situation bya principle" it is pleasant - it is not pleasant". That iscomparison (not realised) of a situation with structures "Superego" (the feel function of Jung). Evolution has put (with thehelp of division of mentality on "Super ego", "Unconscious" and"Me") the contradiction not only inside the person, but also thecontradiction between people due to different main mentalfunction in the individual. Actually, because of it we speakwith each other in different languages, but about it in thefollowing chapter. So the person is an inconsistent essence. Itsself-identification is limited to consciousness and frame of thebody. And the large part of mental processes is not realised,this is processes in "Super ego" and "Unconscious" structures.We perceive phenomenon of "Unconscious" that achieveconsciousness more often sharply negatively. Why it occurs? Thealive matter law was embodied into "Super ego" of the person(the aspiration to chaos at the bottom level unites system atthe top level). The law of a lifeless matter was embodied in"Unconscious" (the aspiration to association at the bottom levelgives rise the variety of the top level). The consciousnessreflects but not understands this contradiction and remains as awanderer between heaven and earth.
|
|
|
|
|
|
